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Water and life
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Lightning is a dramatic display of electrical power, but it is also sporadic and unpredictable. Even on a volatile Earth billions of years ago, lightning may have been too infrequent to produce amino acids in quantities sufficient for life — a fact that has cast doubt on such theories in the past, Zare said.Water spray, however, would have been more common than lightning. A more likely scenario is that mist-generated microlightning constantly zapped amino acids into existence from pools and puddles, where the molecules could accumulate and form more complex molecules, eventually leading to the evolution of life.
“Microdischarges between obviously charged water microdroplets make all the organic molecules observed previously in the Miller-Urey experiment,” Zare said. “We propose that this is a new mechanism for the prebiotic synthesis of molecules that constitute the building blocks of life.”
However, even with the new findings about microlightning, questions remain about life’s origins, he added. While some scientists support the notion of electrically charged beginnings for life’s earliest building blocks, an alternative abiogenesis hypothesis proposes that Earth’s first amino acids were cooked up around hydrothermal vents on the seafloor, produced by a combination of seawater, hydrogen-rich fluids and extreme pressure.
Yet another hypothesis suggests that organic molecules didn’t originate on Earth at all. Rather, they formed in space and were carried here by comets or fragments of asteroids, a process known as panspermia.“We still don’t know the answer to this question,” Zare said. “But I think we’re closer to understanding something more about what could have happened.”
Though the details of life’s origins on Earth may never be fully explained, “this study provides another avenue for the formation of molecules crucial to the origin of life,” Williams said. “Water is a ubiquitous aspect of our world, giving rise to the moniker ‘Blue Marble’ to describe the Earth from space. Perhaps the falling of water, the most crucial element that sustains us, also played a greater role in the origin of life on Earth than we previously recognized.”
Water and life
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Lightning is a dramatic display of electrical power, but it is also sporadic and unpredictable. Even on a volatile Earth billions of years ago, lightning may have been too infrequent to produce amino acids in quantities sufficient for life — a fact that has cast doubt on such theories in the past, Zare said.Water spray, however, would have been more common than lightning. A more likely scenario is that mist-generated microlightning constantly zapped amino acids into existence from pools and puddles, where the molecules could accumulate and form more complex molecules, eventually leading to the evolution of life.
“Microdischarges between obviously charged water microdroplets make all the organic molecules observed previously in the Miller-Urey experiment,” Zare said. “We propose that this is a new mechanism for the prebiotic synthesis of molecules that constitute the building blocks of life.”
However, even with the new findings about microlightning, questions remain about life’s origins, he added. While some scientists support the notion of electrically charged beginnings for life’s earliest building blocks, an alternative abiogenesis hypothesis proposes that Earth’s first amino acids were cooked up around hydrothermal vents on the seafloor, produced by a combination of seawater, hydrogen-rich fluids and extreme pressure.
Yet another hypothesis suggests that organic molecules didn’t originate on Earth at all. Rather, they formed in space and were carried here by comets or fragments of asteroids, a process known as panspermia.“We still don’t know the answer to this question,” Zare said. “But I think we’re closer to understanding something more about what could have happened.”
Though the details of life’s origins on Earth may never be fully explained, “this study provides another avenue for the formation of molecules crucial to the origin of life,” Williams said. “Water is a ubiquitous aspect of our world, giving rise to the moniker ‘Blue Marble’ to describe the Earth from space. Perhaps the falling of water, the most crucial element that sustains us, also played a greater role in the origin of life on Earth than we previously recognized.”
Water and life
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Lightning is a dramatic display of electrical power, but it is also sporadic and unpredictable. Even on a volatile Earth billions of years ago, lightning may have been too infrequent to produce amino acids in quantities sufficient for life — a fact that has cast doubt on such theories in the past, Zare said.Water spray, however, would have been more common than lightning. A more likely scenario is that mist-generated microlightning constantly zapped amino acids into existence from pools and puddles, where the molecules could accumulate and form more complex molecules, eventually leading to the evolution of life.
“Microdischarges between obviously charged water microdroplets make all the organic molecules observed previously in the Miller-Urey experiment,” Zare said. “We propose that this is a new mechanism for the prebiotic synthesis of molecules that constitute the building blocks of life.”
However, even with the new findings about microlightning, questions remain about life’s origins, he added. While some scientists support the notion of electrically charged beginnings for life’s earliest building blocks, an alternative abiogenesis hypothesis proposes that Earth’s first amino acids were cooked up around hydrothermal vents on the seafloor, produced by a combination of seawater, hydrogen-rich fluids and extreme pressure.
Yet another hypothesis suggests that organic molecules didn’t originate on Earth at all. Rather, they formed in space and were carried here by comets or fragments of asteroids, a process known as panspermia.“We still don’t know the answer to this question,” Zare said. “But I think we’re closer to understanding something more about what could have happened.”
Though the details of life’s origins on Earth may never be fully explained, “this study provides another avenue for the formation of molecules crucial to the origin of life,” Williams said. “Water is a ubiquitous aspect of our world, giving rise to the moniker ‘Blue Marble’ to describe the Earth from space. Perhaps the falling of water, the most crucial element that sustains us, also played a greater role in the origin of life on Earth than we previously recognized.”
The surprising evolution of the weirdest animals on Earth, according to a new study
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The story of two of the strangest animals on the planet just got a little stranger, thanks to clues revealed by a lone fossil specimen that scientists now say represents a long-extinct ancestor. The new research could upend what’s known of the evolution of the most primitive mammals alive today.Found in Australia and New Guinea, the platypus and echidna are called monotremes, and they are unique for being the only mammals that lay eggs.
The amphibious platypus has a bill and webbed feet, like a duck, and a beaver-esque tail. The small creature spends much of its time hunting for food in the water. The echidna — fittingly known as the spiny anteater — lives entirely on land, is covered in pointy quills and has rear feet that face backward, kicking up dirt as the animal burrows into the ground. Neither animal has teeth, and though they both produce milk, they secrete it through their skin for babies (often called puggles) to lap at, because they lack nipples.“There’s plenty of weirdness to go around on these little things,” said Dr. Guillermo W. Rougier, a professor in the department of anatomical sciences and neurobiology at Kentucky’s University of Louisville who studies early mammalian evolution.
“They are one of the defining groups of mammals,” Rougier said. “The typical mammal from the time of dinosaurs probably shared a lot more biology with a monotreme than with a horse, a dog, a cat or ourselves.” Therefore, he said, monotremes provide a window into the origins of mammals on Earth.
Аренда теплохода в Москве
Аренда теплохода в Москве – это отличный способ провести незабываемые мероприятия на воде. Поскольку Москва славится своими живописными реками, аренда теплохода открывает множество возможностей для организации уникальных праздников. Это может быть не только День рождения, но и корпоративные вечеринки, свадьбы и деловые встречи.
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День рождения на теплоходе в Москве
Отпраздновать день рождения на теплоходе в Москве – это великолепная идея, которая подарит вам и вашим гостям незабываемые впечатления. Внутренние и открытые палубы теплоходов позволяют насладиться панорамными видами на столицу. Вы можете выбрать тематическое оформление, заранее организовать услуги кейтеринга и развлечение для гостей. Например, музыкальное сопровождение, ведущий или даже живая музыка создадут неповторимую атмосферу праздника.Корпоратив на теплоходе в Москве
Корпоративные мероприятия на теплоходе становятся все более популярными. Аренда теплохода для корпоративов позволяет укрепить командный дух, провести неформальные встречи в приятной обстановке и отвлечься от рутины офисной жизни. Среди преимуществ аренды теплохода можно выделить:Эксклюзивность: Вы можете арендовать теплоход только для вашей компании, что создаст атмосферу уединенности и приватности.
Комфорт: Современные теплоходы оборудованы всем необходимым для комфортного проведения мероприятия: кондиционерами, удобными местами для отдыха, освещением и звуковой системой.
Совместные активности: На теплоходе можно организовать различные игры, викторины и конкурсы. Совместные мероприятия на море сплачивают команду и создают дружелюбную атмосферу.
Как арендовать теплоход
Процесс аренды теплохода в Москве довольно прост. Вот несколько шагов, которые помогут вам организовать мероприятие:Определите дату и время: Заблаговременно выберите дату и продолжительность аренды.
Выбор теплохода: Исследуйте доступные варианты. Обратите внимание на вместимость, наличие удобств и внешний вид теплохода.
Обсуждение условий: Свяжитесь с компанией-арендодателем, уточните все вопросы по тарифам, обеспечению услуг и правилам.
Оформление договора: Подпишите договор аренды, в котором будут прописаны все условия вашего мероприятия.
Подготовка к мероприятию: Запланируйте меню, развлекательную программу и декор.
Аренда теплохода в Москве – это не только функциональное, но и яркое решение для вашего события. Будь то день рождения или корпоратив, вы сможете подарить себе и вашим гостям незабываемые эмоции и впечатления, а также приятные воспоминания, которые останутся с вами на долгое время.ТЛК ТРИГА» — ваш надежный партнер в грузоперевозках негабаритных грузов
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Транспортировка негабаритных грузов автомобильным транспортом — сложная задача, требующая специализированного оборудования и профессиональных навыков.
Предлагаем аренду трала ( низкоразмерный ) для перевозки негабаритных грузов, спецтехники. Теперь Вы сможете без проблем осуществлять перевозки грузов любых размеров и форм. Наши тралы обладает высокой грузоподъемностью и широкой платформой, что позволяет безопасно и эффективно перевозить различные виды негабаритных грузов.
Мы предоставляем услуги аренды трала по выгодным ценам, которые доступны для любого бюджета. Наша команда профессиональных водителей с многолетним опытом гарантирует безопасную и надежную перевозку Ваших грузов. Мы знаем, как обращаться с негабаритными грузами и обеспечить их сохранность.Ваше время ценно для нас! Мы всегда придерживаемся согласованных сроков и готовы к оперативному выполнению заказа. Не теряйте время на поиск альтернативных решений, обратитесь к профессионалам и получите качественный сервис. Мы готовы предложить индивидуальные условия сотрудничества и разработать оптимальный маршрут для каждого конкретного заказа. Мы понимаем, что каждый груз уникален, и готовы предоставить индивидуальный подход.
An ancient ‘terror crocodile’ became a dinosaur-eating giant. Scientists say they now know why
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A massive, extinct reptile that once snacked on dinosaurs had a broad snout like an alligator’s, but it owed its success to a trait that modern alligators lack: tolerance for salt water.Deinosuchus was one of the largest crocodilians that ever lived, with a body nearly as long as a bus and teeth the size of bananas. From about 82 million to 75 million years ago, the top predator swam in rivers and estuaries of North America. The skull was wide and long, tipped with a bulbous lump that was unlike any skull structure seen in other crocodilians. Toothmarks on Cretaceous bones hint that Deinosuchus hunted or scavenged dinosaurs.
Despite its scientific name, which translates as “terror crocodile,” Deinosuchus has commonly been called a “greater alligator,” and prior assessments of its evolutionary relationships grouped it with alligators and their ancient relatives. However, a new analysis of fossils, along with DNA from living crocodilians such as alligators and crocodiles, suggests Deinosuchus belongs on a different part of the crocodilian family tree.Unlike alligatoroids, Deinosuchus retained the salt glands of ancestral crocodilians, enabling it to tolerate salt water, scientists reported Wednesday in the journal Communications Biology. Modern crocodiles have these glands, which collect and release excess sodium chloride.
Salt tolerance would have helped Deinosuchus navigate the Western Interior Seaway that once divided North America, during a greenhouse phase marked by global sea level rise. Deinosuchus could then have spread across the continent to inhabit coastal marshes on both sides of the ancient inland sea, and along North America’s Atlantic coast.
The new study’s revised family tree for crocodilians offers fresh insights into climate resilience in the group, and hints at how some species adapted to environmental cooling while others went extinct.
With salt glands allowing Deinosuchus to travel where its alligatoroid cousins couldn’t, the terror crocodile settled in habitats teeming with large prey. Deinosuchus evolved to become an enormous and widespread predator that dominated marshy ecosystems, where it fed on pretty much whatever it wanted.
“No one was safe in these wetlands when Deinosuchus was around,” said senior study author Dr. Marton Rabi, a lecturer in the Institute of Geosciences at the University of Tubingen in Germany. “We are talking about an absolutely monstrous animal,” Rabi told CNN. “Definitely around 8 meters (26 feet) or more total body length.”
